A great deal of adult stem cell research has focused on clarifying their capacity to divide or self-renew indefinitely and their differentiation potential. Adult stem cells, like embryonic stem cells, have pluripotent potential and can differentiate into cells derived from all three germ layers. Pluripotent stem cells can be directly generated from adult fibroblast cultures.

While embryonic stem cell potential remains theoretical, adult stem cell treatments are already being used to successfully treat many diseases. The use of adult stem cell research and therapy is not as controversial as embryonic stem cells, because the production of adult stem cells does not require the destruction of an embryo. Adult stem cells also pose no medical dangers to the patient. Among the most stunning advancements in adult stem cell therapy are treatments for Parkinson's disease, juvenile diabetes, and spinal cord injuries.

In contrast with the embryonic stem cell research, more US government funding is being provided for adult stem cell research. Adult stem cells can be isolated from a tissue sample obtained from an adult (or cord blood, bone marrow, and other adult tissues). They have mainly been studied in humans and model organisms such as mice and rats.

A current list of diseases that stem cell therapies are possible for are:

Cancers:

• Brain Cancer
• Retinoblastoma
• Ovarian Cancer
• Skin Cancer: Merkel Cell Carcinoma
• Testicular Cancer
• Tumors abdominal organs Lymphoma
• Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
• Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
• Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
• Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
• Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
• Cancer of the lymph nodes: Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy
• Multiple Myeloma
• Myelodysplasia
• Breast Cancer
• Neuroblastoma
• Renal Cell Carcinoma
• Various Solid Tumors
• Soft Tissue Sarcoma
• Ewing’s Sarcoma
• Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
• POEMS syndrome
• Myelofibrosis

Auto-Immune Diseases

• Diabetes Type I (Juvenile)
• Systemic Lupus
• Sjogren’s Syndrome
• Myasthenia
• Autoimmune Cytopenia
• Scleromyxedema
• Scleroderma
• Crohn’s Disease
• Behcet’s Disease
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Juvenile Arthritis
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Polychondritis
• Systemic Vasculitis
• Alopecia Universalis
• Buerger’s Disease

Cardiovascular

• Acute Heart Damage
• Chronic Coronary Artery Disease
Ocular
• Corneal regeneration
• Immunodeficiencies

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome

• X-linked Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
• X-linked Hyper immunoglobulin M Syndrome

Neural Degenerative Diseases and Injuries

• Parkinson’s Disease
• Spinal Cord Injury
• Stroke Damage

Anemias and Other Blood Conditions

• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Sideroblastic Anemia
• Aplastic Anemia
• Red Cell Aplasia
• Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
• Thalassemia
• Primary Amyloidosis
• Diamond Blackfan Anemia
• Fanconi’s Anemia
• Chronic Epstein-Barr Infection

Wounds and Injuries

• Limb Gangrene
• Surface Wound Healing
• Jawbone Replacement
• Skull Bone Repair

Other Metabolic Disorders

• Hurler’s Syndrome
• Osteogenesis Imperfecta
• Krabbe Leukodystrophy
• Osteopetrosis
• Cerebral X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy

Liver Disease

• Chronic Liver Failure
• Liver Cirrhosis
• Bladder Disease

End-Stage Bladder Disease

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